Facts About Dental Services Revealed

An Unbiased View of Dental Service


A dental clinic belongs of a dental office, as well as it is just one of the most fundamental parts due to the fact that or else no examinations or treatments can happen. Because a dental office is additionally a business facility, it is the facility where the dental professional as well as staff manage monetary issues and clerical jobs.


Individuals seeking cosmetic treatments might need to go to an oral office. An oral facility might be much more most likely to supply emergency situation after-hours treatment, while oral offices may be extra inclined to maintain typical hrs. Given that oral workplaces are company establishments that spend in state-of-the-art technology, the expense for services might be greater than at a dental clinic - Top 10 Best Dentists Jacksonville.


There are typically reception locations with chairs and enjoyment in the form of tvs or reading products. The function area may also give playthings to amuse children, particularly those that are extremely young as well as susceptible to monotony and fussiness. The individual who owns the oral workplace, or at the very least is responsible for running it, is generally an oral professional.


Once it ends up being much more serious dental illness, it may not recover normally. On top of that, repeated.




All About Dentist Near Me


Periodontist: A periodontist concentrates on the avoidance, medical diagnosis, and treatment of gum illness. Periodontists treat cases varying from light gingivitis to more severe gum disease (periodontitis) (Advanced Dental Care). In addition, periodontists are educated in the positioning, maintenance, and also repair service of oral implants. If you have a persistent or significant periodontal condition issue, you might desire to see this professional.


The kind of dentist a person should check out depends upon age and also oral health and wellness problem. The most usual types of dental experts include: General dental professionals Family dental practitioners Aesthetic dental experts Pediatric dentists Orthodontists Specialty dental professionals To guarantee you receive the appropriate treatment, checked out the different kinds of dental professionals and their services listed below.


Dental professionals are specialists in one field of dentistry: This area of dentistry deals with the periodontium.




dentist near me<br>dental services<br>dental service<br>dentist servicesdentist near me
dental services
dental service
dentist services

dentist near me<br>dental services<br>dental service<br>dentist servicesdentist near me
dental services
dental service
dentist services

You need to consider visiting a specialist if you desire a lot more customized treatment. Your health care medical professional can suggest a specialist based on your details requirements. Remember to visit your dental expert at the very least yearly to make sure that all areas of your mouth are healthy and balanced.


 

A Biased View of Dentist Services




You'll wear each aligner for regarding 2 weeks, as well as should only be eliminated to consume, drink, brush, or floss. Your teeth will move progressively until they reach their perfect placements as the aligners are changed with the next one in the collection.


Therapy time depends dramatically on person conformity. It's vital to bear in mind that every individual will certainly react to orthodontic therapy differently. Invisalign jobs in a slightly various as well as much less intrusive way than dental braces to straighten the teeth. This means it can be difficult to claim with certainty for how long a client will need to use them prior to seeing outcomes.


With this system, you'll receive prescription gel and also whitening trays, which are customized for your teeth for optimal results. Each day, you will fill this gel into the trays and also wear them for the recommended quantity of time.


A youngster's happy smile is valuable. When you wish to make certain that your child's smile remains brilliant as well as strong, there's no better ally than a pediatric dental professional. They can give pleasant, premium care that not only fulfills your child's current oral requirements yet likewise sets the stage for a positive, healthy future.




Facts About Dental Services Uncovered


They can stop dental caries and also prevent the buildup of tartar and look these up plaque. If degeneration or injury harms a tooth, a dental filling can restore its stability and feature. Slim layers of resin-based product, sealants are adhered to the chewing surface areas of teeth. They protect hard-to-clean areas from decay. They can reduce the threat of cavities by up to 80%.


Throughout the treatment, the dental expert sculpts a white material straight onto the tooth to fix the defect. When a tooth is as well badly harmed to repair, an extraction might be essential to remove it.


In some cases, a hold-up in care may result in the loss of a tooth that can have been saved. Many pediatric dental experts urge people to call if they have a dental emergency.


Lot of times, when a dentist points out oral surgery it is consulted with extensive panic and anxiety from their people. The suggestion is that oral surgery is an unpleasant and also pricey treatment. What lots of individuals don't recognize is that oral surgery is extremely common as well as consists of treatments that address problems that lots of people have and endure from.




Everything about Dentist Near Me


Essentially, dental surgery is considered an outpatient procedure and patients can normally return to typical activity within a few days. Prior to making a decision whether or not you are a candidate for oral surgery, dental experts refer their patients to an oral surgeon (dentist near me). This is that will certainly assess the circumstance and also your oral health to establish the most effective strategy.

 

The Only Guide for Dentist

The Definitive Guide to Dental Clinic


Normal oral cleansings prevent tartar from deteriorating teeth or developing holes in them, which is how dental caries are produced. Cavities hardly ever provide any kind of warning indications as they form, just causing a tiny ache once the tooth is currently decayed. When the damage has actually been done, you will have to go back to the dental practitioner to have dental caries as well as other tooth problems filled and also fixed.


Once it reaches this factor it is formally periodontal illness, and just at this factor will certainly there likely be any type of swelling, bleeding, or soreness in the mouth. Along with the break down of gum tissue, gum tissue disease also creates a break down of the bone that holds teeth in position. At this moment it is typical to see teeth loosening or befalling altogether as well as drastic therapy approaches will certainly have to be taken by a dental professional.


A multitude of Americans just go to the dental practitioner when they are in pain. This might result from be afraid or financial constraints. Some just completely avoid regular oral treatment up until there is an issue. Whatever the reason, this fact suggests that lots of individuals do not understand the value of avoidance when it involves oral care.


Others hesitate of the dental practitioner and wait till they have severe pain as their motivation. Both of these reasons are disadvantageous to aggressive oral treatment. By waiting up until something injures, you will certainly spend a lot more money at the dental practitioner than you would certainly if you went routinely for expert cleansings and also oral examinations.




Dental Services Things To Know Before You Buy


If you are afraid of the dental professional as well as wait until you have serious discomfort, the therapy for those larger troubles is constantly a lot more extensive and more invasive. Believe root canals and also dental surgery (Top 10 Best Dentists El Paso). Rather, let your concern or financial restrictions inspire you to be as preventive as possible by never ever missing out on an oral browse through.


When you constantly go to the very same dentist as well as dental hygienist, they have the ability to detect really little modifications in your mouth. This uniformity permits them to recognize what points are "typical" for you and what can be troublesome. dentist. Tooth cavities are preventable! Really very early cavities are stoppable! These are extremely important truths to know when you think of your dental treatment.


Understanding that you can stop cavities ought to alter the method you consume, consume alcohol as well as treat along with the method you take care of your teeth at house. All of this is possible just with the individual referrals you will certainly obtain from your dental practitioner as well as dental hygienist at constant gos to. They will certainly aid you comprehend your individual dental caries risk as well as what actions you can require to alter that threat level.




Dental ClinicDental Clinic
This is because it normally does not create any type of signs and symptoms. The periodontal tissue and also underlying jawbone can gradually detach from the tooth with no pain at all. Due to the fact that destruction can be taking place without any kind of obvious indications to you, consistent examinations of your periodontals as well as expert teeth cleansings are necessary to stopping periodontal disease! Lots of people are preventing cavities and also gum disease extremely well, however they go to high threat for fracturing as well as breaking teeth.




The 5-Minute Rule for Dental Clinic


When you clinch or grind your teeth, evidence of it receives your mouth, and also your dental expert and also dental hygienist are able to see the indication. By capturing these warning signs and also starting some precautionary treatment (like putting on a nightguard to secure your teeth while you rest), you can save on your own a lot of money and also time in dental brows through to deal with damaged teeth.




Dental ServicesDental Clinic
Oral cancer used to be an illness for old, white male cigarette smokers and drinkers. Since the market of dental cancer cells has actually changed as well as it is extra challenging to forecast who is at danger, every person ought to have a dental cancer cells testing every 6 months.




DentistDentist
Preserving this routine routine can conserve a great deal of migraines as well as expense over time. Sometimes, visits to the dental professional may be needed more regularly (dental clinic). If you are pregnant, smoke cigarettes, or are undergoing radiation treatment as component of cancer cells therapy, you are considered at a higher risk for dental concerns.


With a couple straightforward sees every year you can get rid of these anxieties from your daily life and correct them for the direct future. Lots of prevent the dental practitioner since they fear the information they could obtain. Nobody intends to obtain a root canal, and by seeing the dental practitioner consistently you can aid ward off this type of time-consuming, pricey procedure.




8 Easy Facts About Dental Clinic Explained


If it's been some time because your last check out to the dentist, it assists to know what you can expect at your appointment. Right here's what a normal examination consists of: Before your exam you'll be asked to answer some concerns regarding your medical background - Bliss Family Dental. This aids the dental expert comprehend any type of possible causes of concerns and also recognize any potential communications or allergic reactions from medications.


In all, the entire process only takes 30-45 mins in many cases. The caring dental experts at Kimball & Beecher want to make certain your normal oral tests are a comfortable, positive experience. Whether you see us every six months or haven't been to the dental expert in years, we're here to understand your concerns and also be a trusted resource in official statement maintaining your total oral health.




While you might not observe these cavities, your dental professional will certainly be able to identify and treat them. Other concerns like periodontitis can also cause you to lose teeth. dental services.

 

What Does Dentist Jacksonville Florida Do?

What Does Top 10 Best Jacksonville Dentist Do?


Top 10 Best Dentist JacksonvilleBest Dentists In Jacksonville

To get precise sizing for your veneers, at the following appointment, your dental expert cuts down concerning fifty percent of a millimeter of your tooth (they get rid of the enamel utilizing a grinding device) prior to they take a mold and mildew (perception) of your teeth. This mold and mildew is after that sent off to the laboratory to create your veneers.


When your veneers remain in, you can schedule an appointment to have them placed. Dentist Jacksonville Florida. At this consultation, your dental practitioner assesses the fit, shape, and coloration of the veneers to make certain they're ideal for you. Next, your dental practitioner extensively cleanses your teeth. This is necessary, as it keeps bacteria from being entraped under the veneer as well as causing degeneration.


Veneers cover only the front surface of the tooth, while crowns frame the entire tooth. Veneers are likewise thinner than crowns: concerning 1 mm, contrasted to 2 mm. Veneers are much less intrusive, also. If you need a crown, your dental professional will certainly need to submit or ground down more of your tooth to prepare it for the crown than would be essential for the application of a veneer.


 

The Definitive Guide for Dentist Jacksonville




It can take several months after the implant is placed for the area around it to heal enough for the replacement tooth to be put on top. Unlike various other dental treatments, the healing process does not take an extensive quantity of time. Instead, once the veneers are sealed on, and also any type of anesthetics subside, you can eat and also chew as you normally would.


In some instances, promptly after the veneers are used, you may see that they feel a little harsh. These rough areas (typically from additional cement that can adhere to the veneer) put on down after numerous days of normal eating and teeth brushing. If they don't, your dental professional can smooth them out.




Jacksonville DentistsBest Dentist Jacksonville
Efficacy details concerning lightening therapies for external as well as intrinsic staining.




More About Jacksonville Dentists


NYU College of Dental care is located at (between 1st Ave. & second Ave.) in Manhattan. Best Dentists in Jacksonville.: To request an appointment or assist with treatment or billing concerns, please for your therapy area (see a listing of all professional areas as well as online contact forms ).: To schedule your, please telephone call.




Best Dentist JacksonvilleDentist Jacksonville Florida
Clinical Support covers all clinically necessary dental services for registered youngsters. This consists of teeth cleaning, x-rays, cavity fillings, crowns and also various other services.


When you call the office, tell the assistant that you would love to make an appointment. Make certain to document the day, time and my explanation place of the appointment. If required, ask the receptionist how to obtain to the workplace making use of public transport. Contact your regional Area Help Workplace to ask concerning the Medical Aid Transport Program (MATP).




Things about Jacksonville Dentists


If you have children, remember to try to obtain a person to view your children throughout the go to. This will certainly make the see much easier explanation for you and the dentist. If you discover that you will certainly not be able to most likely to your appointment, telephone call and inform the dental expert's office right away.




 


See the Website listed here to find out more regarding taking care of your teeth and visiting the dental practitioner: Call your dental expert as soon as possible. The dental expert will ask you concerns regarding just how much pain you are in and the problem you are having. Relying on the type of emergency situation, the dental practitioner's office will certainly do its finest to see you as quickly as possible.


UF University of Dentistry dental facilities offer a total variety of basic and also specialty oral services and also oral healthcare for grownups as well as youngsters. We provide the latest technologies in a professional discovering environment in our Gainesville dental centers as well as in facilities in Hialeah, St (Top 10 Dentists in Jacksonville). Petersburg, Naples and Wildlight. University of dental care The College of Dental care supplies the current technologies in a professional knowing environment in our Gainesville dental centers as well as in facilities in Hialeah, St.




Dentist Jacksonville - An Overview


university of dental care Questions and answers, maps, car park, instructions and a lot more for our valued UF University of Dentistry people. Faculty Dental Practice Professional faculty offer care in a personal technique environment; fees are similar to exclusive practice Homeowner Dental Practices Locals that have a dental degree experiment faculty guidance; fees are normally 80 percent of those in a personal method DMD Student General Dentistry DMD pupils supply quality, budget-friendly care under close supervision of knowledgeable faculty; charges are normally 50 percent less than exclusive method Urgent Dental Care For immediate care needs, tooth extractions are performed for a fee that covers an exam, x-ray and one straightforward extractions; dental trainees deal with clients under faculty supervision The facility provides total oral take care of kids, including routine and specialty services.


A (Lock, A locked padlock) or suggests you've safely attached to the. gov pop over to these guys web site. Share delicate details just on official, protected websites.




 


Normally, 3 or more years of undergraduate education plus four years of oral institution is called for to come to be a general dentist. Added post-graduate training is required to come to be an oral specialist.




How Top 10 Best Jacksonville Dentist can Save You Time, Stress, and Money.


An oral and maxillofacial specialist is the oral wellness care provider that carries out numerous sorts of surgeries in and also about the whole face, mouth, and also jaw location. Dental and maxillofacial cosmetic surgeons treat mishap victims that suffer facial injuries as well as provide rebuilding as well as dental implant surgical treatment. They deal with patients with tumors and also cysts of the jaws.


A periodontist is the oral healthcare supplier that concentrates on detecting, treating, as well as preventing illness of the soft cells of the mouth (the periodontals) and also the supporting structures (bones) of the teeth (both natural as well as synthetic teeth). This dentist diagnoses as well as deals with gingivitis (swelling of the periodontals) along with periodontitis (gum and also bone condition).

 

Dentist Detroit Michigan Things To Know Before You Get This

The Best Strategy To Use For Top 10 Dentists In Detroit


Basically, the more ways you can offer your individuals, the much more effective your method will likely come to be. These are some of the many different kinds of dental services that you must take into consideration including right into your technique. Aesthetic dentistry services are enhancing in popularity and also, as a result, offer a terrific opportunity for dental practices to expand their client base.




Top 10 Best Dentists In DetroitBest Dentists In Detroit
Instances of services that pediatric oral experts offer consist of cleanings, exams, dental caries fillings, and also various other regular care solutions tailored to the distinct demands of kids. Furthermore, they additionally specialize in monitoring the growth of a child's teeth and also identifying oral problems related to youth illness and also problems. While many general dentists additionally supply treatment to kids, parents usually favor pediatric oral specialists, as they have the age-specific understanding and kid-friendly techniques to supply the very best solution possible for their children.


Such doctors are focused on the medical diagnosis as well as surgical and also adjunctive treatment of problems such as injuries, issues, or conditions concerning the hard and soft tissues in one's face, jaw, neck, as well as mouth. Essentially, they are accountable for recovering function as well as visual look connecting to the oral and maxillofacial area.




Dentist Detroit Fundamentals Explained


An additional method to make sure that you get the very best deal is by employing the solutions of Henry Schein Professional Practice Transitions. Dentist Detroit. As the leaders in oral technique sales and transitions, our experienced dental transition consultants concentrate on dental method shift preparation, sales as well as valuations, oral method funding, and customer representation to ensure that every phase of the shift process is smooth and also reliable.




 


There are a number of different fillings, consisting of: amalgam, composite, glass ionomer, gold inlays as well as onlays, and also porcelain inlays. Learn more




Mosting likely to the dental professional can be intimidating or frightening for many individuals. The buzzing noises, the x-ray makers, the large chairs it can all be a little frustrating. If you recognize what you remain in for, though, your experience will certainly be a lot easier to take care of. People have to see their dentists for all kind of reasons, yet there are a couple of typical treatments that everyone should understand.




The Greatest Guide To Top 10 Best Detroit Dentist


Numerous dental experts advise a cleaning every six months, and some suggest once a year. Your own toothbrush will certainly never be as efficient as the tools a dentist utilizes to cleanse your teeth.




 


They're generally made use of for correctional objectives, however they can be utilized for lightening, too. The procedure is basic and also pain-free for many people, and it's easy for dental practitioners to do.


Your dental professional will take a molding of your tooth so that a lab can craft a properly fitted crown to cover the corroded area. They use an unique x-ray and computer mix to take pictures and also craft a crown right after that as well as there!




Top 10 Dentists In Detroit Things To Know Before You Buy


Origin canals are typically come before by some appealing awful tooth pain. A origin canal implies the cells inside or under your tooth is infected as well as inflamed. To do away see page with the discomfort, the dental professional requires to weaken the nerve and also remove the cells. In some cases you may require to take an antibiotic before the procedure.


Once the treatment is over as well as it can take a couple of hrs you'll be numb for a while, however ideally discomfort cost-free considering that the infection will certainly be gone. The objective is to correct and also deal with uneven teeth, as straighter teeth are commonly healthier and less complicated to take treatment of.


This is another means to repair damaged or broke teeth. It involves a material a sort of plastic that your dental professionals colors to match the all-natural color of your teeth.




Not known Incorrect Statements About Dentist Detroit


Several layers are needed to truly protect the material, as well as a light is made use of to "completely dry" each layer. The spot is after that polished as well as cleansed so it fits naturally into the tooth.




Best Dentists In DetroitBest Dentist Detroit
In the end, it's worth it to have a complete set of functioning teeth once again. click for source Going to the dental practitioner may be daunting, yet the finest dentist will certainly do their best to make you really feel comfortable.




Best Dentists In DetroitTop 10 Best Dentists In Detroit
Below are twelve typical oral solutions that you must know around. Dental check this site out bonding is a technique utilized to remedy imperfections with your teeth to provide you a good-looking smile (Dentist Detroit). Bonding is made use of to fix broken teeth, decayed teeth, and also fractured teeth. Bonding entails using a tooth-colored resin material to the teeth as well as hardening it with a light.




The Main Principles Of 10 Best Dentists In Detroit


A dental bridge can recover your smile, improve your look, as well as take years off your appearance. Who does not intend to look far better- or more youthful? Cosmetic fillings, or tooth- colored fillings, are constructed from composite material and also glass bits. They are sealed onto the existing teeth utilizing a bonding representative. Aesthetic fillings can boost the appearance of your smile.

 

Bakersfield Dentists Can Be Fun For Anyone

Best Dentist Bakersfield Things To Know Before You Get This

 

These germs can stay within the lungs, and also can eventually trigger an infection. In enhancement to respiratory infections, negative oral hygiene can cause pneumonia and also respiratory disease as well. These are major as well as unpleasant conditions. One last clinical condition that has been linked to poor oral hygiene is Alzheimer's illness.


Not every person goes to the dental professional like they should, as well as lots of youngsters and also families have not seen a dental expert in years, which can result in significant wellness issues. Dentist Bakersfield California. According to the National Academies, millions of Americans are not receiving required dental treatment services as a result of "consistent and systemic" obstacles that restrict their access to oral healthcare.


These reasons may be genuine, they subject people to bad repercussions. You may be utilizing the best toothpaste worldwide. That won't aid you in the face of harder to get rid of plaque and tartar. Keep reading to discover the advantages of dental cleansing. The procedure of dental cleaning starts with a mouth examination.

 

 

 

The Definitive Guide for Top 10 Best Dentists In Bakersfield

 

Top 10 Dentists In BakersfieldTop 10 Best Dentist Bakersfield


Call us to schedule a consultation and also discover more regarding taking care of your teeth.


There are some oral treatments that can't be prepared for weeks each time. When you need same-day dental care, call Columbine Creek Dental care. We're here to aid you. During dental emergencies, we can make consultations for our individuals on the very same day as long as they call us prior to noon on the same day.


At Columbine Creek Dental care, we make a great deal of consultations ahead of time, yet we likewise make room in our schedule for things that turn up. To assist our patients when they require us most, we understand that life isn't constantly foreseeable, so having a versatile routine will be excellent for us.

 

 

 

Unknown Facts About Top 10 Dentists In Bakersfield

 

Dentist BakersfieldBest Dentists In Bakersfield


This system has a dental scanning tool that is very precise, so the repair service or replacement of existing teeth can be done in one browse through. Clients can get their crowns, veneers, inlays, and inlays while they wait as opposed to needing to wait on a month or more for them to be made.

 

 

 

 


Socially, it can be a large assistance if you can obtain new teeth on the exact same day! Everybody likes going to a dental practitioner that recognizes exactly how to utilize one of the most updated devices. In dentistry, most of the adjustments in the last twenty years have actually made it less complicated for people to have actually dental job done without discomfort.


Digital scanning is much less invasive, does not make people gag, is much faster, as well as costs less. When a lab makes the final result, clients do not have to use temporary crowns that need particular care.

 

 

 

All About Top 10 Best Dentists In Bakersfield


As a result of this, same-day dental implant modern technology has been extensively examined as well as does not place lasting success at danger like standard methods. The crowns, inlays, onlays, and veneers that are made in the dental professional's workplace and afterwards placed in your mouth take just a few hrs to complete and place in.


People can speak with their dentist immediately, and also adjustments are made in real-time, guaranteeing they are appropriate as well as can forecast what will certainly happen. All possible renovations can be checked out as well as changed while the individual remains in the chair. Also though this is a new innovation, same-day service is less costly.


Clients can improve results much resource faster. One-day dental implant solution does not speed up the moment it takes for the bone to fuse with the implant. Our emphasis is on when our bodies need to be fixed, not exactly how quickly modern technology relocations. This isn't regarding how swiftly points can be done.

 

 

 

About Dentist Bakersfield


There additional resources can not be any kind of changes made to dental implants throughout this time due to the fact that they may not heal effectively. This time around of bonding can last anywhere from 3 to six months. Most of the time, the dental implant that goes in right now is only there until the recovery procedure is over.


As you understand, you'll have to make one more consultation for the last replacement. Everybody isn't going to be able to obtain same-day oral care.


There's no navigating the truth that oral treatment like all health care in the United States is pricey. There are several choices for getting top quality dental treatment, from insurance as well as discount rate strategies to free community facilities and also paying entirely out of pocket. Yet every alternative includes its very own collection of benefits and drawbacks that require to be considered if you're mosting likely to make the most effective decision for you and your family members.

 

 

 

Unknown Facts About Top 10 Best Dentist Bakersfield


As was currently noted, oral care is expensive. Not just are all oral services, items, as well as treatments expensive to start with, there are no guidelines in position restricting what individual practitioners can charge. Like any type of smart business person would certainly, dental experts have a tendency to bill whatever the market will certainly enable. That's why a regular examination in anonymous uptown Manhattan costs sometimes greater than what the exact same exam expenses in a village in Kansas.


If you're just in for your scheduled semi-annual cleaning as well as examination, you've had lots of time to save cash to prepare as well as this should not offer a trouble. If you discover on your own needing dental treatment suddenly since of a broken tooth or some other emergency circumstance, you might have a tough time covering the cost in the brief term.


On the various other hand, there are some genuine advantages that feature paying out of pocket for oral treatment. When you pay of pocket for oral services and products, there are no constraints positioned on where or when you see the dental practitioner, or what solutions you obtain. This is a considerable element contrasted to any kind of kind of financed dental insurance or community program given that all such strategies require to put stringent limitations on services as well as timeframes in order to regulate costs.

 

 

 

Dentist Bakersfield - An Overview




Because of this, a lot of workplaces are prepared and able to negotiate their charges and/or payment terms if that's what it takes to protect you as a client. This is specifically true if you're paying money upfront, because it's the fastest and also least costly settlement for them to process. So, those are the fundamental pros as well as disadvantages of paying out of pocket for dental care.


An oral price cut plan is not the very same as insurance policy. You're free to select when you visit the dental expert and also just how frequently, and almost all dental solutions are consisted of. Best Dentists in Bakersfield.

 

 

 

 


Then, you're paying out of pocket as well as enjoying all the potential advantages that accompany doing so (Top 10 Dentists in Bakersfield). In affordable markets where many workplaces might accept the same discount rate plans, there is still a possibility an office may be ready to discuss the staying balance. Or, in most cases, offices will certainly have some kind of funding available, either independently or via a third-party lending institution.
 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15